The memorial for returnees and for Europe at Ulrichsberg Mountain
Erected in 1959 on the initiative of the Ulrichsberg Society.
In 1953, the Ulrichsberg Society, which is counted amongst the Carinthian traditional associations, was founded in Klagenfurt. Its main purpose was the creation of a memorial site for war returnees, which was eventually erected at Ulrichsberg Mountain and consecrated in 1959. The first veteran’s meeting, organised by the Ulrichsberg Society, had already taken place the year before. In addition to former soldiers of the German army (Wehrmacht), associates of the Waffen-SS and various traditional associations took part in these annual meetings. Their representatives viewed themselves as pioneers for a free Europe. They rejected the allegation of collective guilt and in their statements emphasised “collective innocence”.
Soon, foreign delegations of former volunteer associations would join the ceremonies. A participant from the very beginning was the “Comradeship IV” association. This association, founded in 1954, is classified as extreme right-wing. Later on, the memorial celebrations continued to develop into a reunion for right-wing extremists and neo-Nazis from all over Europe. At the same time, Carinthian politicians regularly held ceremonial addresses.
As early as the 1960s, protests against this cultivation of NS traditions were occasionally voiced on several sides. In 1997, the memorial at Ulrichsberg Mountain was defaced and the plaques affixed to it were destroyed. An anti-fascist group admitted responsibility for the destruction.
An expert summit convened by the then Governor decided to rebuild the memorial site. However, the proposal, voiced by various people, to create a memorial site to commemorate all victims of violence, war, and totalitarianism, was rejected. In 2005 – and possibly earlier – massive public criticism of the meeting began to arise. In parallel to the ceremonies, counter demonstrations were held which aimed to point out the revisionist view of history that was part of the ceremonies’ underpinnings. In 2009, the Minister of Defence banned the Austrian Military from supporting the Ulrichsberg ceremonies in any way. In 2010, the meeting was held at a more accessible mountain, the Herzogstuhl am Zollfeld. Attendance was in continuous decline. In 2016, plaques at the Ulrichsberg memorial were daubed with paint. This vandalism may be deemed an anti-fascist act, since the plaques in question must not be exhibited publicly according to the law banning National Socialist activities.